Pinworms

Pinworms (Enterobius vermicularis) are small, thin white worms a little less than half an inch long. One of the most common parasitic infections, pinworms can affect people of any age, culture, or socioeconomic status.

The infestation occurs when eggs are ingested. The eggs are usually transferred by fingernails, clothing, bedding, house dust, and food. If the house is infested, pinworms will very likely spread to all members of the family. When pinworm eggs are swallowed, they hatch, then migrate to the large intestine. In this hospitable environment, the worms live and grow into adult form. At night, adult females travel through the intestine to the area around the anus, where they deposit their eggs.

This egg deposit is itchy and irritating, which leads to scratching around the anal area. Scratching usually results in some of the eggs getting under the fingernails. Then, if the fingernails aren't well scrubbed, it's very likely the eggs will get into the mouth, either through eating or touching the lips, and the cycle starts all over again. Because of the persistent itching, the sufferer may experience difficulty sleeping.

There are many types of parasitic worms. Some of them can cause serious problems, such as diarrhea and malnutrition, so it is important that a correct diagnosis is made. This can be done by putting cellophane tape on the perianal area early in the morning. When the tape is removed, it can be examined for eggs that may have been deposited during the night. Sometimes live worms will be seen as well, either by direct examination of the anus or on the cellophane tape.

If pinworms or other parasitic infestations are not completely eradicated, the worms can cause an intestinal blockage, primarily of the appendix. In a child, they can slow normal growth and development. Urinary tract infections can be associated with pinworms. In girls, scratching from pinworms can lead to a vaginal infection.

To prevent spreading pinworms, or to prevent reinfestation, your doctor may suggest that all family members be examined and treated, especially in persistent cases.

Supplements and herbs

See age-appropriate dosages of herbal remedies

• Black walnut tincture can be helpful in clearing a pinworm infestation. This is a strong botanical, however, and not suitable for infants or small children. For a child age twelve or older, give three drops, three times daily, for no more than seven days.
• Garlic is a natural antiparasitic. Give your child one to two capsules, twice daily, for two weeks. If your child is over one year old, you can give him one fresh clove mashed in honey instead, two to three times a day, for two to three weeks.
• Wormwood (Artemisia) has antiparasitic properties that will help to clear a case of worms. Give your child one dose, twice daily, for up to one week.
• Grapefruit seed extract is a strong antiparasitic. A highly concentrated form, such as Citricidal, Nutrabiotic, or Paramicrocidin, is preferred. For three to seven days, two or three times a day, dilute 5 to 10 drops in a glass of water or juice and have your child drink it. The flavor is very bitter, and your child may need a lot of encouragement to take it.