Sports Injuries

Many athletes and most ordinary people are prone to some form of sports injuries at one time or another. The injuries may affect a range of soft tissues, may include trauma to the skeletal system and include many forms joint-related injuries. These injuries can come about during some strenuous physical activity, during athletic and other sporting events. The general term sports injuries can cover a range of strains, sprains, they include dislocations of joints, fractures of the bone, all types of cuts, lacerations and abrasions. These injuries can also include blisters and bruising of the body, causing some form of inflammation and pain to the person. Sports related injuries account for at the very least twenty percent of all reported accidents which require medical attention.

Conditions such as delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), cramps or stitches of the musculature, the development of asthma due to heavy exercise, many infections of the upper respiratory tract infection, and a compromised immune function which is indirectly linked to many forms of cancers, the development of cataracts and premature aging can be included under injuries that are related to sports induced injuries; though these conditions are very far removed from the accidents that are due to direct impact incidents. The physical condition of the individual as well as the state of health or fitness are important and major factors when judging the degree of impairment or tissue damage caused by sport related activity. Factors that also play some role in the severity of the condition can include the quality of the diet, and the type of sports, the frequency of the exercises, and lastly the intensity of training the person undertakes.

Strains and Sprains
The intensity of the discomfort felt and the location of the discomfort is the factors which are used to classify the difference between a strain and a sprain suffered by an athlete. Generally speaking changes that take place in the shape of musculature or soft tissues under pressure from resistance or external pressure, especially those involving throwing or other physical movements can be described as a strain. An inflammation and some pain almost always accompany a strained muscle as it undergoes stretching. An injury to the ligament of a part or the body or any ligaments in the body causes a sprain to develop. Though a dislocation or fracture isn’t linked to a sprain, it usually occurs only when some part of the body is forced through a greater-than normal range of motion; in short it happens when some muscle is overused or over stretched. The fibrous bands of connective tissue which bind bones together within the human body are called ligaments; sprains are always connected in some way to ligament damage.

The ligaments in the bones often undergo partial rupture during sprains, and the condition also often involves wrenching or twisting motions around a joint; such movements put an immense amount of pressure on the ligaments and lead to damage or fatigue of the tissues. Because of the massive forces involved in the production of a sprain, the supporting blood vessels, many of the muscles and the tendons, the nerves and the ligaments themselves often undergo massive damage. Partial or complete immobility can result as the affected region undergoes a considerable amount of swelling and there is also a lot of pain generated; this is because of the underlying hemorrhage of blood from the internal ruptured blood vessels in the affected area of the body. Sprains in general tend to affect areas of the body such as the lower back and the knees, including jointed areas such as the ankles; these areas are the most susceptible parts of the body to the chances of a sprain developing.

Generally speaking the majority of sports related injuries are preventable if a few precautions are taken. By varying the sets and repetitions of exercises and by altering the intensity of training on a regular basis, methodical training protocols can and do reduce serious injuries from occurring; they do this because such protocols provide an acceptable allowance for strenuous training regimes through their cycling approach to physical effort. The athlete is protected from overexertion by a combination of this technique, along with cross-training; thus major injuries and physical problems are avoided in this manner for the individual. To avoid such injuries, one must always alternate between different modes of exercise and cross-train; therefore instead of only running or jogging, alternate your routine activity with others such as swimming or in-line skating. An insufficient supply of nutrients or overexertion often manifest itself in symptoms such as persistent muscle pain, psychological states like irritability and insomnia, mental and physical fatigue and even depression; conditions such as colds and other types of infection are also often present as further symptoms.

A major cause of serious sporting injuries is the use of improper training techniques and faulty physical regimen. Avoidable injuries are also often received because of low fitness levels in the athlete, a poor flexibility and muscular imbalance including uncoordinated muscular control and bad posture can all add to the chances of receiving injuries. A proper and symmetrical workout regimen along with correct posture and regular stretching exercises can smooth out these problems; these activities should all be properly balanced.

Permanent damage to the body is a huge risk that many athletes take, particularly where the individual has not fully recovered from some injury sustained previously. The best preventive measure against such likelihood is to give time for minor injuries to heal during a long period of convalescence. The athlete may lose competitiveness and can be forced to a permanent retirement due to persistent stress felt from a previous injury which may complicate the recovery process and hinder the person reaching his or her full potential. This is a lesson that has had to be learnt in the hard way by many Olympic and professional athletes who have ignored the need of the body for rest and relaxation after injury. Because physical fatigue weakens the body and impairs the immune system, adequate rest is necessary during recovery and sleep deprived individuals are prone to sustaining an injury if they are involved in a sporting activity. Mental fitness requires that a person receive adequate amounts of rest and sleep on a regular basis everyday. The athlete can lose all coordination and will not be able to concentrate properly, often colliding with obstacles and other players mentally and physically fatigued; this is because the sleep deprived brain contains the center which controls coordination, factors such as motor dexterity and neurocognitive function - all of which function below par due to fatigue.

Direct impact injuries such as concussions, lacerations and broken bones, bruises, twisted knees and severe sprains are often sustained during extreme physical sports such as boxing, and “contact sports” like football, hockey and rugby. Minor and sometimes even major injuries including abrasions, fractures and severe bruising are also a part of the list of injuries which can be sustained even in non-contact sports like basketball and soccer, through unavoidable collisions and accidents. Therefore most athletes involved with such sports require appropriate and adequate protection through the use of padding and other protective gear during play.

The production of free radicals increases to an enormous extent during strenuous and exhaustive physical activity; this fact has been confirmed by many experts in exercise management and sports nutrition. Factors such as oxygen damage in the muscles, in other organs such as the liver, in the joints, and in the blood and the brain are linked to an uncontrolled activity of free radicals in the body. Thus much of the soreness felt in the muscle, much of the tissue damage and the inflammation that usually comes after athletic training and during a competition can be related to the adverse effects of oxygen and not to the usual accumulation of lactic acid from fatigued muscle. When speaking comparatively, the typical athlete uses up to twenty times the volume of oxygen that is used by an ordinary person sedentary or otherwise, this extra oxygen leads to an increase in the population of reactive oxygen species in the athletes body; such free radicals such as the hydroxyl radicals, the super oxides and hydro peroxides are present in a higher density in the body of the athlete. The athlete thus is susceptible to soreness and muscular filament damage, because the concentration of oxygen in the individual muscle fibers of the athlete is at least two hundred times above normal.

A change in blood flow and oxygen supply to the tissues is a necessary corollary of exercise. Some parts of the body may become oxygen deprived for short periods of time during heavy physical exertion because of the diversion of huge volumes of blood to the working muscles. A sudden release of free radicals often comes about when blood rushes into these areas after the completion of the exercise is completed. The term reperfusion is used to describe this event in the human body. The absence of oxygen in any part of the tissues even for short periods also leads to the production of free radicals in those areas of the body. Oxygen deprivation often occurs regularly in the large working muscles which contract against heavy resistance during anaerobic periods of exercises such as weight training or sprinting; muscle often receives no oxygen for long periods of time and this leads to massive production of lactic acid - the accumulation of this acid causes fatigue. A sudden veritable explosion or surge of free radicals occurs when the body is rested after heavy exertion; this event is triggered by the return of blood and oxygen into the recovering muscles. The mitochondria of the individual as well as the DNA and other cellular functions and cell membrane systems are vulnerable to damage from these free radicals especially when the number of free radicals in the body exceeds the ability of the athlete's cellular antioxidant defense system to cope with them. A result of such as state of affairs is that parts of the body, such as the vital internal organs including the brain, the respiratory tract and all the articular joint systems, such as the knees, and other regions such as the shoulders and the hips in the body can become affected.

Supplements and herbs

The use of medications such as Aspirin TM, ibuprofen and naproxen and all other non steroidal medications are often prescribed for injured athletes by sports medicine physicians. Equally effective and with the added benefit of absolutely no side effects, the use of a wide range of nutritional supplements is also an effective way to deal with injuries sustained by athletes.

Injuries to the spinal cartilaginous tissues, the tendons and the spinal disks require the presence of an essential component called glucosamine for cellular restoration, this compound is manufactured in the human body using glucose and glutamine as glucosamine stimulates restoration of damaged tissue by its active participation in the synthesis of sugars essential to the formation of spinal cartilage, restoration of tendons and disks in the spinal column. Glucosamine synthesis is also often hindered because of the presence of tears in the cartilage and ruptured joint membranes arising as a result of an injury. One effective and safe supplement is the use of glucosamine sulphate as this compound provides additional sulfur; the mineral is an important component in all proteins and helps in restoring the cellular structure.

The excellent anti-inflammatory action of natural compounds like bromelain and proteases can be utilized to treat the sport related injuries sustained by an athlete without any need to use allopathic medications. Pain and inflammation is effectively lowered by the action of the pineapple based compound called bromelain; this compound has an ability to inhibit the action of chemicals produced in the body which can aggravate the inflammation and the pain after an injury-it is particularly effective when taken on an empty stomach during the treatment of the individual. Enzymes such as the biologically active proteases aid in the detoxification of the body; helping rid the body of accumulated toxic compounds which build up when damage occurs to the cells and capillaries during some trauma or as a result of a major surgical procedure. Scarring of damaged tissues is prevented though the use of such enzyme therapy, such therapy also reduces the intensity of pain felt by the individual, the wounds and injuries heal at a rapid rate and the inflammation is also greatly reduced at the same time.

Through their ability of neutralizing the free radicals in the body, many antioxidant compounds aid in prevention of tissue and cellular damage to the body; this action is chiefly achieved through their property of strengthening the immune system of the afflicted individual. The production of enzymes such as catalase, super oxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase is increased by the action of the same compounds-the body is thus better adapted to dealing with free radicals. The patient must also be given a good admixture of carotenoids, plant based substances called flavonoids, compounds like proanthocyanidins, vitamins like niacin, the coenzyme Q10, fatty acids like the lipoic acid, fat and water soluble vitamins like the vitamin C and E, and an abundant supply of the essential minerals like zinc, selenium and magnesium to bring about the optimal effect from supplementation. This broad based approach can also include supplements of the amino acids such as the N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and glutathione, and last but not least, pineal hormone melatonin; all of these nutrients boost the performance of the main supplements and help in a quick recovery. The treatment of most injury-induced free radical production in the body is best dealt with using a whole broad based approach. To maintain a constant rate of absorption and to put in place a high nutrient saturation rate, the patient must also use supplements that have a higher proportion or doses of the water-soluble nutrients including the vitamins C and the vitamin B-this distribution of higher doses must be spread out evenly over the day and throughout the treatment period for optimal results. It is important to remember that increasing dosage of the vitamin C might create problems for the patient with regard to the bowels; its use must therefore be connected to bowel tolerance in the person.

The metabolic requirement for proteins that posses a superior nitrogen retention characteristic, and which can be easily absorbed into the body increases greatly following injury and during the period of convalescence. In this regard because of their hormone performance boosting property within the body, the use of whey peptides is an excellent idea during this stage, these peptides bolster immune system functioning very effectively, increasing the rate of recovery of damaged tissues. An added advantage is that whey peptides are natural analgesics and aid in the alleviation of pain associated with the injuries. A comparatively new and high tech process called ion-exchange enables the extraction of medium to high molecular weight peptides from whey without the use of high temperature; the result is a lot of these useful peptides are now manufactured with ease. This new technique is helpful in the manufacture of these peptides because high temperatures and high heat can easily rupture the molecular structures of the peptides- this leads to a marked lowering of the nutritional value of protein obtained from whey; the new method avoids this pitfall. At the same time factors such as the absorption characteristics, the assimilation paradigm, the ease of digestion and nitrogen deposition are also affected by heat; the new technique leaves these parameters untouched. Food items such as protein shakes and smoothies, all kinds of fresh juices, oatmeal and meal replacements, and yogurt or muffin mixes can be combined with whey peptides for use as combination supplements during the treatment process.

To further improve the functioning of the immune system, supplements of helpful amino acids such as ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate (OKG), the compound ornithine, the amino acid arginine, glutamine and lysine can be used in combination formulas or used as single supplements. An increase in the speed of scar tissue formation and the promotion of healing of bone fractures and is another useful action that these peptides perform within the human body.

To enable the body to deal with the physical stresses of heavy training loads and the extremes of competition, other supplements are also considered essential to the conditioning of the body, these include compounds such as creatine, and amino acid derivatives such as glutamine, tyrosine and taurine. Because of the fact that a heavy exertion creates certain metabolic demands in the body of the athlete which is not evident in normal sedentary individuals, the physical training also generates an acute need for essential nutrients above the normal RDA or RNI. Substances such as the compound DLPA (D, L-phenylalanine) which is an amino acid alleviates pain and reduces the discomfort felt by the athlete following an injury. This analgesic action of DLPA is much more effective for the treatment of chronic types of symptoms in the long term, and its ability to deal with immediate or acute onset of pain is limited.

The herbal remedies given below can be used in the treatment of injuries suffered while playing sports.

Acute inflammation can be treated using the turmeric herb; this herb contains a yellow pigment called curcumin, which besides being a good anti inflammatory compound is also an effective antioxidant. Tissue restoration and synthesis is encouraged by the curcumin, the compound also bolsters the body’s ability to deal with both mental and physical stress, and all these abilities of the substance are due to the ability of curcumin to stimulate the release of important hormones from the cortex of the adrenal glands called adrenal corticosteroids. Additionally it reduces swollen tissues and relieves the pain in the affected region of the body. Dosages of this substance can be 400-600 mg of curcumin, taken thrice every day during the treatment period. The minor burns, bruises and cuts, scraps and abrasions sustained by a person can be treated by the topical use of the aloe vera gel; this herb may also be used in an oral form for internal absorption. The prevention of injuries and the soothing and healing of wounds can be achieved through the use of many types of botanical creams and salves-all of them sourced from herbs. Herbs such as the calendula can be used topically as an ointment, the cajeput, the arnica; the burdock can all be used as botanical salves. Herbs like the goldenseal and the plantain, the comfrey, the chamomile, the wonder herb Echinacea, the witch hazel and the self-heal herb can all find useful application as external salves and ointments to ward off infection as well as in the promotion of healing. To provide additional power to the combination of herbs, a base made from pure hemp, from the borage or from the oil of the flax seed can be used to combine the herbs thoroughly. The treatment of swollen ankles, inflamed wrists and elbows calls for the external use of a paste of ground flax meal and the comfrey herb. Inflammation and infection can also be avoided by consuming herbs like the lapacho, the garlic, the multi purpose herb the ginkgo, the cayenne, the common ginger and Echinacea, these herbs also boost the rate of circulation, promoting quick recovery.

Homeopathy

All of the homeopathic remedies can play a first aid role during injuries, aside from this therapeutic role, these homeopathic remedies can also be used in a preventive role to alleviate the aches and pains experienced during or following heavy physical exertion. The advice of a professional medical doctor must be sought immediately if the injury is serious or where the painful sensations produced are extreme.

• Arnica
  Arnica montana is to be used in the homeopathic treatment of individuals suffering from sports related injuries such as bruising and shock, soreness and tissue damage of any kind. The rate of healing is promoted by the remedy, and restoration of health is quickened and efficient, the pain and inflammation are reduced very quickly, such results from this homeopathic medication can be expected if the substance is consumed not long a time after the occurrence of the injury. Exposure to heat and being touched can aggravate the condition of the patient, worsening the symptoms present because of the injury. Arnica can be used as an initial homeopathic remedy quickly followed by some other substance in cases of sprains or deeper injuries, and all those types of injuries that require medication and care for long time periods running into months and week at a stretch. In order to avoid the development of soreness in the body following heavy physical exertion, a “preventive” use of Arnica is made by some athletes; they consume arnica before every bout of heavy physical activity. Aches and sore muscles can be treated topically using gels and ointments made from the herbal form of Arnica, or alternately through the use of dilute forms of Arnica. The presence of any of the conditions in the patient calls for the utilization of Arnica as a homeopathic remedy in the treatment of sports related injuries.
• Bellis
  Bellis is to be used in the homeopathic treatment of individuals suffering from sports related injuries that occur if the person falls or is involved in collisions; it can also be used to treat injuries resulting from twisting or wrenching motions that take place while participating in active sports and strenuous activity of any kind. The use of this remedy is effective, in particular when the abdomen, the trunk, the pelvis and the deeper areas of the body are affected by bruises. Injuries such as sprains, or strains and bruises can also be treated using Bellis perennis especially when Arnica has not proved effective in alleviating the condition. The condition of such patients often worsens when wet applications are used on the affected areas of the body; the condition is also aggravated from being soaked in water. Any of these conditions calls for the use of Bellis as a homeopathic remedy in the treatment of the sports related injury.
• Hypericum
  Hypericum is to be used in the homeopathic treatment of sports related injuries in particular those which occur in the nerve-rich parts of the body, these can include areas of the body such as the fingertips and the toes; these also include injuries from a blow to the back, the injuries can also result from a fall on the tailbone or coccyx. An added physical symptom is the development muscular cramping and shooting pains in the area around the injured region. All these conditions arising as a result of sports related injuries can be treated with hypericum as the homeopathic remedy.
• Ledum
  Ledum is to be used in the homeopathic treatment of individuals suffering from sports related injuries which can include all sorts of sprains and other injuries accompanied by pain and inflammation leading to puffy swelling of the affected area; such painful regions of the body are often relieved using ice, cold soaks and cold applications as a topical measure. Ledum is also used to treat swelling of the ankles particularly if these have been injured in the past and are acting up because of over exertion. All these physical conditions can be treated using Ledum as a homeopathic remedy.
• Rhus tox.
  Rhus tox. is to be used in the homeopathic treatment of individuals afflicted with sports related injuries, the remedy can also be used for the refreshing of muscles and joints especially after some extreme or strenuous activity. Some typical physical symptoms that can tell one about the need for the use of Rhus tox. is that such patients often complain of extreme stiffness and pain when starting to move, as motion continues these sensations ease off and disappear. These sensations can also be alleviated through the topical use of warm applications and hot baths or showers, pain can be eased through hot compresses and by massaging. The use of this homeopathic remedy in particularly to be carried out after an initial acute phase has been passed, when the swelling and the inflammation have eased off, use Rhus tox. in the later stages and as a long term medications. The presence of one or more of these conditions following a sports related injury calls for the use of Rhus tox. as a homeopathic remedy in the treatment of the afflicted individual.
• Ruta
  Ruta is to be used in the homeopathic treatment of individuals afflicted with sports related injuries, and in those painful conditions that arise in the muscles of the body because of overuse of muscles and tendons producing stiffness and inflammation. This homeopathic treatment can also be used to effectively treat all ailments and conditions that involve injuries to the tendons and the ligaments, and also to damages sustained by the periosteum, which is the tissue that covers the bones all over the body. Ruta can be used for all injuries affecting parts of the body such as the elbows and the wrists, and areas like the knees, this remedy can treat them or alleviate the pain if these areas feel sore or are stiff; the remedy is effective especially when the affected region of the body has been taking too long to recover. Ruta as a homeopathic remedy can also be used against all forms of conditions sustained due to repeatedly injuring the same part of the body or when the injury is due to an over exertion or overuse of the body part, it can also be used where such factors have led to a thickening or even the formation of hardened growths on the connective tissues. The presence of one or more of these conditions or symptoms calls for the immediate utilization of Ruta as a homeopathic remedy in the treatment of the injured person.

Additional things you may do

The vast majority of athletic injuries are treated via the use of standard therapy called RICE therapy; it is a well prepared and thorough first-aid program for the immediate treatment of injuries sustained while involved in physical sports. The expansion of the abbreviation of RICE is given as rest, ice, compression and elevation. During the initial recovery process, taking rest prevents further injury from occurring and at the same time it also promotes the recovery and restoration of health. Because of its analgesic property, ice is also used during treatment, ice also reduces bleeding by its ability of forcing the constriction of the blood vessels, and the lowered temperature in addition soothes the painful inflamed area of the body. Swelling is reduced to an extent by compression and restricted to the affected areas themselves. The excess and accumulated body fluids are drained away from the injured areas by elevating the injured area above the plane of the heart which takes advantage of gravity. Diluted in water or in the form of an ointment or as a gel, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) can be used as an external application for topical relief. This compound is a derivative of the resin from certain types of trees, it has found use and is effective against pulled muscles and dislocated joints, DMSO also aids in removing bruises and in relieving the pain felt from sprains and strains following an injury. All kinds of physical trauma afflicting a person, including a wide range of sports injuries which cause swelling and pain can be treated using DMSO. For use in this regard to relieve the pain following injuries, it is advisable not to use the industrial grade solvent. Another equally effective method for use in the treatment of physical trauma is massage therapy, it will aid in the detoxification of the lymphatic system and aid in improving circulation, while helping to bring relief to muscular tension. The stimulation of various meridians of the body are achieved during massage therapy through actions such as kneading, stroking and chopping motions by the masseur, thus this controlled muscular friction over the various zones of the body, stimulates and relaxes the muscles. The pain and stress felt during injury is reduced remarkably through massage therapy which has a direct effect on the nervous system, bringing systemic relaxation to the person. Many other alternative therapies such as acupressure, reflexology and shiatsu which are all a form of massage therapy can be included in this general name of massage therapy. Some devices can also aid in the treatment of injured athletes, one of which is known as the Swiss ball, this device is a simple large, inflated, rubber or vinyl ball utilized in the treatment of conditions affecting the regions of spinal region, the muscles of the shoulder and all injuries of the lower back or lumbar region. By forcing the person to use muscles not normally used in conventional exercises, the Swiss ball helps the athlete to recover, the training thus takes place in an unpredictable environment or condition, and many of the stabilizer muscles not normally used by the patient are forced into action and promote the healing and restoration of the individual’s health. To bring some relief to back pain, and pain in the neck following injuries and to soothe kinked muscles, many athletes now turn to chiropractic methods of care. This form of care helps adjust and improves the flow of nervous energy through the body, by various adjustments of the vertebrae and the joints, it increases the tolerance of the individual to pain and tension in general. The chief objective of chiropractic treatment is the restoration of the mechanical integrity present in the various systems of the body and all of which are clearly associated with movement and physical action in general. Another excellent device for use in the treatment of damaged tissues in the shoulders is the shoulder horn, this simple and easy-to-use molded device acts by isolating and strengthening the damaged muscles following an injury. Many forms of chronic pain in the shoulders and a lot of shoulder injuries are due to a person undertaking heavy bench-presses and overhead pressing exercises usually utilizing a faulty technique. The four rotator cuff muscles infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor and teres major in the shoulder are frequently injured during such exercises because of the enormous strain involved during the lifts and movements required. Inflammation of the joints in the shoulder called bursitis results when the fluid-filled sac in which the joint rotates gets inflamed, this fluid filled sac is a friction reducing mechanism in the body. Pain following an injury related to sports can also be treated through treatment methods such as acupuncture and IMS. Sports injuries by their very nature are characterized by the presence of pain as the most common symptom; this is because of immediate damage to tissues, and the resulting acute inflammation or chronic functional alterations that occur in the affected region of the body. The affected region of the body becomes very hypersensitive after an injury because of extensive damage to the nervous tissues. By the placement of needles in predetermined positions the technique of acupuncture attempts to correct and change this disharmony, the points into which the needles are inserted are called acupuncture points and stimulating them brings relief from pain. The energy of the body is believed to be linked to these points; these places lie along an invisible system of channels or meridians which have been traditionally plotted out in Chinese medicine. The technique called IMS is a modification of traditional Chinese acupuncture; it is different only in that of the application of the modern science of anatomy and neurophysiology to the treatment methodology. Thus the specifications for IMS requires a medical diagnosis and does not depend on the theory of meridians along the body, needles are still used and these acupuncture needles are used on very specific muscle motor or trigger points along the body, they are inserted along musculotendinous junctions and along paths that muscle spasms may take. Other techniques can also alleviate pain following injuries, the healing of broken bones and the enhancement of the body’s rate of reaction to injury is carried out through techniques and devices such as magnets and via electromagnetic therapy devices. The body’s oxygen transport system is improved and cellular metabolism is improved on the whole using therapy using static or pulsating magnetic fields created by magnets or special electrical machines, the body is forced to respond and alleviation of pain is the result. Limbs affected in their entirety can be treated using padded magnets that can be wrapped around the affected part of the body or the torso as a whole, some techniques require the north pole of the magnet to be placed directly over the wound where it is fastened using an adhesive tape. All these methods traditional or modern alleviate pain and increase the rate of recovery from injury.

Usual dosage

• Pine bark extract or grape seed, 50-100 mg thrice a day for period of 10 days. Then  reduce the dosage to 25-50 mg thrice a day.
• Vitamin C, 500 mg, several times a day.
• Vitamin B complex, 100 mg, two times a day.
• Glucosamine sulfate, 1,000-2,000 mg thrice a day for period of 10 days. Then reduce the dosage to 500 mg thrice a day.
• OKG, two-four gr with food.
• Protease plant enzyme complex, 60-120 mg thrice a day.
• Coenzyme Q10, 100 mg two times a day.
• L-glutamine, two-four gr 2 - 6 times a day.
• L-lysine, L-arginine, L-ornithine, 500-2,000 mg 2 to 3 times a day.
• Essential fatty acids, 500-1,000 mg thrice a day.
• NAC (N-acetyl-cysteine), 500-1,000 mg two times a day.
• Bromelain, 250-500 mg thrice a day.
• Antioxidant complex.
• Ion-exchange whey peptides, 20-40 gr 2 - 6 times a day.

Other beneficial herbs

• Horse Chestnut

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